Summer
2002 Research Report
Debra
Berliner
"Nicaraguan
Youth Empowerment
through Mass Media"
|
I
engaged in this project as part of a two year Masters program
in Public Health, which includes as one of its core components
the application and development of skills and knowledge
fundamental to the field of Public Health through the experience
of a summer field placement. With great excitement I completed
this program element working in Managua Nicaragua with
a Non-Governmental Organization called Puntos de Encuentro (Meeting
Points or Common Ground). Puntos de Encuentro is
a Nicaraguan feminist non-profit development organization
working in the areas of communication, research and education.
Though based in the country’s capital city, Managua,
its efforts target a national audience and are particularly
directed towards young adults and women. Operating from
a rights-based approach to development, Puntos uses multi-media
methods and skills- and leadership-training, among other
approaches, to promote and strengthen the individual and
collective awareness and realization of rights and capacities
among Nicaraguans, including those related to sexuality
and gender, reproductive options, intrafamiliar violence,
and HIV/AIDS.
Puntos’ institutional
goal is to change social norms and attitudes over time
by encouraging the development of values, attitudes, behaviors,
and relationships based on principles of inclusion, respect,
solidarity, non-violence, and cooperation. Programs and
activities seek to facilitate this process through nurturing
capabilities that allow people to challenge discriminatory,
exclusionary and violent practices. Almost all programs
and services are planned and executed under the umbrella
of Puntos’ multi-media/multi- method strategy "We're
Different We're Equal" ("Somos Diferentes
Somos Iguales," in Spanish abbreviated as SDSI),
which aims to promote the rights and the individual and
collective empowerment of Nicaraguan youth. This strategy
seeks to influence public opinion in Nicaragua, and, by
extension, in other Latino cultures with similar cultures.
It is an approach seen as essential to raising individual
and collective consciousness. The primary mass communication
components of this strategy are a television series broadcast
weekly across Nicaragua and aimed towards Nicaraguan youth
called Sexto Sentido, which addresses a variety
of social and health issues through a telenovela-like
form, and a complementary radio program, called Sexto
Sentido Radio, which is broadcast Monday through Friday
and offers a space for open discussion and debate of the
issues presented in the television series. Puntos de
Encuentro also publishes a nationally distributed
feminist magazine called La Boletina, holds youth
leadership training throughout Nicaragua, and supports
and participates in a variety of activities conducted by
other organizations and state entitites.
As
a member of Puntos de Encuentro’s Research
and Evaluation team, I conducted a multi-stage, multi-faceted
research project to refine the organization’s methods
of monitoring and evaluation. Through electronic communication
with key informants, such as academics, theorists, and
professionals working with social action organizations,
and through internet based research I sought alternative
models of: 1) evaluation used by mass communication efforts
within social movements (both in general and specific to
organizations) with particular interest in campaigns and
programs whose goals involve overall social change, not
exclusively individual behavioral change; 2) monitoring
of radio programs that address social and health issues;
3) focus group execution and 4) pre-testing of television
scripts with target audiences before episode production.
Besides gathering information and synthesizing ideas to
orient Puntos’ work, this research initiated communication
with key people involved in the fields of mass communication, “entertainment-education,” public
health, and social action, among other areas, thus facilitating
the creation of links with organizations similar to Puntos
de Encuentro within Nicaragua and abroad. Additionally,
I supported the Research and Evaluation team in the creation
of methodological proposals for monitoring and evaluation,
especially of Sexto Sentido Radio, and in the
researching stages of a project proposal to fund the evaluation
of the second phase of the SDSI communications strategy,
which will be focused on HIV/AIDS.
On
a very practical level, my involvement at Puntos gave me
the opportunity to experience the day-to-day functioning
of a non-profit with limited monetary resources operating
within a national context of fairly omnipresent economic
struggle – a context I expect to encounter in future
work in the developing world and/or with marginalized communities
in the U.S. Working with Puntos also heightened my awareness
of the essentiality of inter-institutional alliances and
support networks both within and without of the country
for the successful execution of activities and for general
organizational sustenance.
Through
my specific work I had the opportunity to develop skills
and competencies in the areas of research and program planning
and evaluation and I was able to sharpen my ability to
clearly communicate to a variety of audiences, verbally
and in writing, in English and in Spanish. I was able to
develop a more thorough understanding of theories behind
behavioral and social change and methods of mass communication – particularly
entertainment-education – supported by a familiarity
with social action initiatives based on these methods and,
in some cases, by communication with the theorists themselves.
In
conclusion, my summer with Puntos de Encuentro was
an extremely valuable experience and one that I expect
to serve as a personal and professional point of orientation.
It was an absolute pleasure to contribute to such a dynamic
and original organization and an honor and great help to
receive the support of the Center for Latin American Studies
through the Tinker Travel Grant.